Impact of Literacy Instruction Technology in Teacher...

Research question: Identified Phenomena Does the impact of teacher instructional technology with new literacy instruction improve elementary (K-5) student achievement in reading vocabulary? The research question, in effect, will investigate whether inclusion of new technology in teaching reading vocabulary improves the reading vocabulary skills of elementary (K-5) students The alternative hypothesis is that there is significant improvement in reading vocabulary of k-5 students between those whose teachers do employ new literacy instruction and between those whose teachers do not employ new literacy instruction. The null hypothesis is that no difference can be seen in level of in reading vocabulary of k-5 students between those whose teachers do employ new literacy instruction and between those who teachers do not employ new literacy instruction. . Sample The researcher will sample two schools in the same area with one school employing new literacy instruction, and the other continuing to use traditional methods. The new literacy instruction used will include technology such as e-pals, blogs, wikis, and podcasts (McPherson, et al., 2006) and the teacher will use them for instruction in reading comprehension, reading and writing communication skills, and vocabulary development. Both schools will have similar classroom set-up with the students coming from similar socio-economic backgrounds and parents sharing similar educational level (i.e. either largely collegeShow MoreRelatedWhat Ive Learned about Literacy Essay example943 Words   |  4 Pagesaffirmed knowledge gained both from my undergraduate studies as well as additional research I have independently completed on literacy. The first week of this class required me to think about how I define literacy. I believe that know that I have completed this course, I am better able to summarize and identify my definition of literacy. Like Tompkins (2010), I define literacy as the ability to read and write inside and outside of the classroom. Comprehension is a large piece of reading. Many studentsRead MoreThe Impact of Fluency Tutor on Student Reading Scores1564 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancement of educational attainment levels across the nation. The push for common educational standards has reinvigorated the interest of the general public in education in a way that has been unparalleled in recent history. This is an era for unprecedented reorganization, reform and, optimistically, advancement for American public education. At the center of the current educational debate is the adoption and implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), currently approved in forty-fourRead MoreGraduation Speech : I Love Learning834 Words   |  4 Pagesabout technology integration has been beneficial for not only myself, but my students as well. Through my years teaching, I have realized that my inspiration has grown to better myself for my students, as my new knowledge impacts their excitement, curiosity, and achievement. As a special education teacher, my future goal is to have students continue to grow through my own inquiry for best practices of differentiation, connecting Common Core Standards to technology tools, and to advance literacy amongstRead MoreUsing Online Literacy Software Programs1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe researcher has proposed himself to focus his action research on the following question: Will the ELLs improve their comprehension skills of expository texts by focusing most of their practices on vocabulary development through the use of online literacy software programs? Review of the Literature English language learners (ELLs) represent a rapidly expanding population in U.S. schools. As the ethnic composition of the United States continues to increase, the prospect that more educators will workRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological Literacy On The Classroom1567 Words   |  7 Pages Managing Technological Literacy and its Use in the Classroom Anjali Iyer EDUC 110 Professor Jahner December 10, 2014 Technology use in the classroom has been evolving since the late 1800s. Teachers first used chalkboards to write out important information for students to visualize. Later came filmstrips and B.F. Skinner’s teaching machine that would administer a course of programmed instruction. Gradually, teachers started utilizing overhead projectors, televisionRead MoreDigital Technology Into The Learning Process Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAcademia has been slow to incorporate digital technology into the learning process, and English courses seem to lag behind most other subject areas. Even when trying, College professors are challenged because post-secondary students â€Å"separate into different stratifications†¦ according to their previous academic, social, and professional experiences with computers – experiences that, in turn, are often dependent on age, class, race, and gender† (Bancroft, 2016, p. 47). These stratifications createRead MoreEssay about Using Sm artboards to Support Literacy878 Words   |  4 PagesUsing Smartboards to Support Literacy Technology has come a long way in the last forty years. We have so many options today to use in classrooms that we should be producing technology savoy students. One of the biggest technology tools to enter the classrooms is the use of Smartboards. At first any teacher can become overwhelmed. I mean a board that is called smart? What can this device do that will make learning to read more fun and engaging and yet be a valid form of learning? Well, with time andRead More I Teach Therefore I Can Essay examples1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthis statement, Shaw was either able to do everything or was a poor teacher. A teacher must be able to do and then teach it to others. In order to do this, a teacher must first obtain the skills him/herself. Teachers have the responsibility of providing their students with the skills necessary for success later in life, and the most essential skills are the ability to read and write. As time evolves and technology advances, the skills necessary to get by in life have also progressedRead MoreShould Schools Be Resistant? Technology Integration?1340 Words   |  6 Pagesto technology integration, because it is inclined to intterupt traditional classroom practices. The teaching profession is known for its traditional procedures and practices. At the height of the technology boom, the majority of classroom teachers originated from a very different generation. According to National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future (2011), over half of today’s teachers are â€Å"baby boomers†, 50 years of age or older. Retirement is imminent for many of these teachers, whichRead MoreEssay on Information Literacy and the Public Library1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Association for School Libraries defines information literacy as the ability to use many types of reference resources and literacies to find information. The different types of reference resources and literacies include: digital, visual, textual, and technological literacies. The American Association for School Libraries has four main learning standards. The first covers inquiry, thinking critically, and gaining knowledge. The second standard includes drawing conclusions, making informal

A Study On The Biology Course Essay - 720 Words

The results of the experiment vary from what is reported by previous studies (Curry, 2013, Enattah et al., 2002, Tishkoff, 2007). The experiment was conducted on students currently in the Biology 225 course in Schenectady, NY. The class was primarily composed of individuals whom are descendants of Europe. Therefore, an assumption was made that by in large, the percentage of lactase persistent in the class that was expected was going to be near 95% (Curry, 2013). However, such a high percentage was not found. Of the class, only 49.3% of individuals were determined to possess a genotype that results in a phenotype of lactase persistence. Conversely, 40.8% of the class was found to carry the genotype lct/lct which results in the phenotype of lactase non-persistence. Therefore, the results are nearly 50% off from what we expected initially. This could be for numerous reasons, but perhaps the assumption should not have been made. The results fit much better when compared to the world ave rage occurrence of lactase persistence. Curry notes that out of all individuals over the age of 8 years old, only 35% still possess the ability to digest and breakdown the lactose in dairy products (2013). The results do fit closer to the world average, therefore indicating that the assumption may have been wrong, the results of the experiment still do not necessarily indicate whether the total population of students in the Spring 2016 Biology 225 class fits the societal model where there is aShow MoreRelatedSci 115 Week 5 Assignment 1 Biology Article948 Words   |  4 PagesSCI 115 WEEK 5 ASSIGNMENT 1 BIOLOGY ARTICLE To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/sci-115-week-5-assignment-1-biology-article/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM SCI 115 WEEK 5 ASSIGNMENT 1 BIOLOGY ARTICLE SCI 115 Week 5 Assignment 1 - Biology Article Assignment 1: Biology Article Use the Internet and / or the Strayer Learning Resource Center to research aspects of biology. Select one (1) article from a magazine or newspaper that has something in it thatRead MoreSources of Inequity in Highly Tracked Courses897 Words   |  4 PagesMany students expressed the desire for study groups and more office hours. Currently, the teacher is holding office hours whenever possible, and although that is limited by the teachers availability, the formation of a study group is not. A school-sponsored study group can be extremely beneficial for students who may otherwise feel awkward asking a classmate they just met if they would like to study together. One student stated, â€Å"Most of what BHS would probably try to offer, most kids seek out onRead MoreMajor and Career Research Project1352 Words   |  6 Pages| | Biology Biology is under the college of Arts and Sciences and is categorized in the Biological Sciences department. The main chair/director is Dr. Sam Atkinson with an assistant, Kendra Donahue. The Biological Science department is located in the Biology Building 210. There are numerous courses that have to be taken in order to major in Biology; while also minoring in Chemistry as well. There are introductory classes that need to be taken like: â€Å"Introductory Biology: ComparativeRead MoreHistory of Biochemistry: Chemistry and Biology Connection to the World Today991 Words   |  4 Pages What criteria connects biology to chemistry? -Chemistry has changed the way the world is today. -Biology has changed how certain organisms live and stay alive today. I will explain how chemistry and biology connect throughout the world today. Following questions: †¢What was this society like before the discovery of biology? Biology is the study of living organisms and how organisms may live after awhile. Aristotle discovered biology in 1802.The term biology was first coined by gifted gottfried ReinholdRead MoreStudent Application Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesI am excited to submit my application for the Assistant Professor position at the department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College. In the course of my graduate and postdoctoral work, I came to appreciate three things about science education: (1) better educational experience occurs in a small group; (2) it is easiest to learn science by doing science; (3) skills gained through science education are important for success in all kinds of careers. These experiences and realizations led me to aRead MoreExploring Biology854 Words   |  4 PagesAP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Begin your study of biology this year by reading Chapter 1. It will serve as a reminder about biological concepts that you may have learned in an earlier course and give you an overview of what you will study this year. 1. In the overview, Figure 1.3 recalls manyRead MoreCell And Microbial Biology At The Catholic University Of America925 Words   |  4 Pagesadmission to the MS in Cell and Microbial Biology at The Catholic University of America. I have recently completed my English language studies at University of Washington International English Language Programs, in preparation for my graduate studies, for I have been awarded with a scholarship that covers all tuition and living expenses for the duration of my stay in the U.S. and I intend to maximize on this opportunity by earning a MS in Cell and Microbial Biology degree from The Catholic UniversityRead MoreMy Goals And Future Plans1536 Words   |  7 Pagesand future plans with the aim of pursuing a career in biology. The ultimate goal I envision is of becoming a dedicated and creative researcher and a resourceful teacher. Keeping this objective in mind, I believe that pursuing graduate studies at (university name) is the correct choice an d the first step towards my goal. Hence I seek admission to the graduate program in the Department of Biology. Over the years, during my secondary school studies, I realized that science is rational and it requiredRead MoreNon Intrusive Treatment For Medical Science1289 Words   |  6 PagesScience in Biology, concentrating on the pre-proficient track, gets ready understudies for acknowledgment into dental school. Educational programs offers histology and embryology, essentials for some dental projects. Science (BS) Pre-Medical A Bachelor of Science in Biology, concentrating on the pre-proficient track, is a very aggressive and organized system that gets ready understudies for admission to medicinal school. Science (BS) Pre-Optometry A Bachelor of Science in Biology, concentratingRead MoreMy Learning About Myself As A Learner And Biology1523 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this semester my learning about myself as a learner and biology is backed by multiple changes in my study habits with the evidence included in my documentation, self-regulation, critical reflection, integration, and my collaboration with a Community of Practice. I enrolled in this Principles of Biology class this semester because it was a requirement for my major. This class is important for my long term goals because it is a requirement for me to achieve those goals. Those goals include

Analysis Of The Odyssey - 864 Words

Symbolization of Temptation If you think about it there isn’t a day in your life that goes by without facing some kind of temptation. Temptation can be our biggest weakness, and I think that in Odysseus’s case it was his. In The Odyssey, Homer uses the siren scene to symbolize temptation in different ways. It represents how temptation can come in many different ways; and it can control us no matter how much we know that it is wrong to give in. In The Odyssey, temptation came to Odysseus and his crew from the sirens. This scene displays how temptation looks, sounds, and how it makes you act. First, it portrays how temptation looks. As Circe explains to Odysseus the sirens, she warned him â€Å"The sirens’ lucid song will so enchant him as they lie along their meadow. Round about them lie heaped bones and shriveled skin of putrefying men†, When she says this she describes what temptation looks like to almost everyone. â€Å"The sirens’ lucid so ngs†, looks on the outside, sweet, inviting, and harmless. On the other hand, which is the part people seem to not want to pay attention to, Circe describes, â€Å"Round about them lie heaped bones†; the consequences you have when you give into temptation and also the consequences many men had who followed the sirens. Just like the sirens song, temptation can come in any form in our life. It could be something as simple as food; even though we know we should not eat something bad, its taste overpowers us. We think that eating just one willShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1368 Words   |  6 PagesHolmes English H, period 3 11 November 2014 Hospitality: An analysis of xenia in The Odyssey William Shakespeare, in Timon Of Athens Act III Scene line 39 writes : I charge thee, invite them all: let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I ll provide† Shakespeare is explaining to his readers that he will invite everyone in and he will cook for them meaning that he will provide everything to his guests. Similarly, in The Odyssey Odysseus without knowing it is providing for all the suitorsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 974 Words   |  4 PagesPrabakar Mrs. Kravchak Honors Humanities 1; Period 1 September 10, 2014 The Odyssey Joseph Campbell stated that â€Å"A hero is someone that has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself.† He also believed that on the journey to being a hero, one must physically or mentally leave home, decide on a quest, encounter â€Å"dragons†, experience an all out struggle, be wounded, and finally obtain wisdom. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus embarks on a journey to try to get back home to his kingdomRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1011 Words   |  5 PagesName Tutor Course Date Close Reading Essay In Book X of the Odyssey, Odysseus gives a tale of his adventure in Circe’s Island. He also tells of his encounter with Circe, (X. 380 - 419). Circe’s equivocation, â€Å"Why, Odysseus, dost thou sit thus like one that is dumb, eating thy heart, and dost not touch food or drink? / Dost thou haply forbode some other guile?† (X. 380 - 381), portrays Odysseus sadness and worry for his men. Earlier in this book, he had narrated of how Circe had put a portion inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey begins by describing Odysseus, a â€Å"man of twists and turns† (Homer 1996: 1) showing that this book is focused on the men, rather than the women. Shortly after, the first description of any womanly figure is â€Å"bewitching† (Homer 1996: 2), which shows that as the epic progresses, the description of most female adversaries would be negative. In Hippolytus, Aphrodite begins by saying that she â€Å"treats well who rever e her power† but â€Å"trips up those who are proud (averse) to her† (Euripides 2001:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1130 Words   |  5 PagesName: Instructor: Course: Date: The Odyssey is a remarkable piece of the ancient writing that provides a great insight into numerous matters in regard to the past as well as to the present. This poem is greatly appreciated for being a rich source of knowledge about the ancient Greek mundane life: the customs, the hierarchy, the polytheistic religious traditions and rituals. Nevertheless, it would be a great mistake to underestimate the Odyssey in respect to the study of the worldview of the ancientRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Odyssey 1251 Words   |  6 PagesMimi Wang Mrs. Kottke Honors 10 English 3/24/16 The Power of Women in The Odyssey Throughout literary history, women are portrayed as mere property or tools of men; however, women can also be shown as people who hold power in Homer’s The Odyssey. Women hold a significant amount of authoritative power over men in both their lives and mindsets, and this can be seen through Circe s powers that are able to manipulate Odysseus and his men, Penelope s tactics to stall marriage and her caution towardRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1311 Words   |  6 PagesWilliams Ninth Honors Literature 6 October 2015 PsychOdyssey Tolkien once said, â€Å"Living by faith includes the call to something greater than cowardly self-preservation†. In this quote he captures the very essence of heroism. Homer’s epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† follows one man, Odysseus on his hero’s journaey home from the Trojan War. There is no question as to whether or not his quest follows the steps of the hero’s journey monomyth. The hero’s journey monomyth is the universal link in all tales of adventureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1313 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"establish peace, gentleness, and justice† (Narayan 1972: 63) in the world. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus has an uncontrollable â€Å"fighting spirit† (Homer 1996: 227) that too often ends in misfortune. Despite these great differences, these two characters have one thing in common: they are widely regarded as heroes in their religion. This is just one of many distinctions between the two epics. In T he Odyssey, the afterlife consists of â€Å"the shambling, shiftless dead† (Homer 1996: 251) while in TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 3033 Words   |  13 Pages Vivian Tse Brother Pearce FDCA 206 5 November 2014 The Odyssey The Odyssey is one of the earliest epics that exists but is still a highly revered and relevant piece of literature in modern culture. This classic survives because the entire tale of Odysseus’ adventure is symbolic of our human lives and experiences—it is life mythologized. Not only does The Odyssey highlight the heroic and triumphant side of the characters, but it also emphasizes the struggle between heroes’ ethos and their human failingsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1971 Words   |  8 PagesShane Nordquist English I Honors per. 4 1/22/16 response 1: The Odyssey, being an epic poem is likely to include several typical examples of personalities we are used to seeing. As epic poems often do, the Odyssey describes the Greek view of many of these core archetypes. Odysseus being demonstrated as the hero shows us the Greek value of heroism through his wonderful feats, and his downfalls, his sheer prowess, but also his flaws. In the Greek society, as in any, it is clearly evident that the

The Importance of the Biology/Society Dualism to the...

The Importance of the Biology/Society Dualism to the Gendered Body The body has played an important part in sociology to explain the differences between the two sexes, and why these differences exist. A lot of social debate is about the relationship between the biological and the social. At one end of the debate there are those who see activities such as sexual behaviour entirely based on biology, they are called biological determinists who argue that there is biological bases for child rearing and different sexual orientations and also refer to pre- programmed behaviour. At the other end of the scale are those who see sexual and other kinds of behaviour as entirely social constructed, they see†¦show more content†¦The gendered body is not formed by society and discourses it is purely created due to the biological make up of the different sexes. Jordanova (cited in Shilling: 2003: 38) argues that the reproductive are what determine the gendered body and what determines the differences between males and females. The conditions of womens embodiment were ruled by natural cycles, which was concerned and based on pregnancy, childbirth and menstruation. This is a big difference to men, as they did not have any of this embodiments, mens embodiment allowed their minds a greater degree of freedom, This identifies that men had more access to pursue careers and be the breadwinner and work in the public sphere as women were unable to do this as their bodies functioned in a different way and things like pregnancy affect a womans ability to work and carry out tasks. This identifies that it is the biology of the different sexes that creates the gendered body. These views frequently favour men and it is to their advantage for example Murdock identifies that biological differences between men and women are the basis of sexual division of labour in society (1965: 124). HeShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmachine Level 3: ‘Get the structure and systems right so that all is in balance’ Level 4: ‘The machine is alive! – well, almost’ How modernist organization theory underpins conventional understandings of the relationship between organizations and society Is bureaucracy immoral? Form fits function: how modernist organizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational

Financial Analysis Business Decision Guide and Statements

Question: Discuss about the Financial Analysis for Business Decision Guide and Statements. Answer: Introduction Accounts payable is one of the important processes in the organization.Its proper functioning is necessary for the healthy financial position of the company.It keeps a track of all the purchases and payments made to the suppliers(Hoggett et al, 2014).It builds up the relationship with the suppliers of goods. Internal controls in every business are implied to reduce the risks at an acceptable level. One needs to identify and assess the business risks to decide upon the level of controls required to control it( Loftus et al, 2012).As our company Fruito is both a retailer and a wholesaler, it too faces many kinds of risks. Purpose Of The Report This reports purpose is to identify all the risks which are faced by Fruito and their financial and non financial impact on the business operations. Recommendations are also given regarding the internal controls which can be installed to minimize the risks. Risks Faced And Their Potential Impact OnFruito Inactive Suppliers As noticed many payments have become time barred. They are still open in our accounts.Inactive suppliers increase the risk of fraud. They have the chances of corrupting the master file. Their details such as bank account number,IFSC code, the address may get changed without noticing.In order to prevent this master file should be updated regularly to discover such changes(Beasley et al, 2014). Large Number of Purchases with Small Amounts - A large number of supplier sends a huge number of invoices with small amounts thus increasing the workload and chances of error while entering the same into the system. While recording these entries into the computer system chances of wrong data entry occurs (Loftus et al, 2012). This leads to wrong accounting records of the supplier. In order to reduce this, purchasing department should make necessary arrangements with the supplier to send the monthly invoice instead of small invoices on daily basis. Data Duplication -In many cases when the first name of two different suppliers is same, the system automatically assumes it to be the same supplier. It leads to data duplication. Instances have been notified when wrong bank account number has been picked up by the master file for the specified supplier when payment was supposed to be done. This has led to wrong payments again for which no credit notes have been an issue (Arens et al, 2016). Extent of Master File Contamination -Due to changes in the software and shifting to the latest technologies such as ERP systems can lead to contamination of master file which stores all the data (Beasley et al, 2014). Unnoticed changes can happen without anyones knowledge Recording of Discounts -It has been noticed that discounts have not been accounted for in the books of accounts. Purchases made are for large amounts and payments against them have been done of less amount . The difference in the amount as discount has not been accounted for in the books, thus, misleading the net profit of the company (Hoggett et al, 2014). Stock Records -On many instances, it has been noticed that stock purchased is not recorded properly and no authority is also present for its cross verification. Purchase orders are not properly raised. Audit of stock is also not carried off at regular intervals (Ittelson, 2011). It has led to pilferage of stock. As a result stock in hand and stock in books is not matching against each other. Internal Controls that should be Implemented by Fruit are: Organization Structure -Organization Structure of our company should be such that ones work should be reviewed by another. A single individual shouldnt be responsible for the complete process. A process should be bifurcated into parts to be handled by specialized individuals. Employees work in a process should be complimentary to each other (Hayes et al, 2014). Online Portal for Suppliers -Every supplier should maintain its online portal to keep the transactions easy and transparent. Online portals help in knowing the pending orders to be received and the pending payments (Bragg, 2014).This system can help in cutting down the manual errors and bringing order accuracy. Continuous Monitoring - Continuous Monitoring is also known as the audit in real time. One should keep a close check on all the happenings in the accounts payable process. Orders received and paid should be checked simultaneously. Any discrepancy should be investigated deep into. Adopting more robust governance practices which can strengthen the internal controls of the entity (Arens et al, 2016). Outsourcing to External Agencies -Fruit can outsource its Accounts payable process to firms such as Transparent for accurate processing of the same. This measure can be cost effective and can reduce the chances of errors(Hayes et al, 2014). These companies provide accurate measurement of accounts payable and its comparison with the industry data. They also recommend any improvements needed in the process. It helps in fast collection of undue payments. They follow a very systematic approach and ensures the security of clients data. Providing quality services is their core agenda. References Arens,A.A.,Elder,R.J.,Beasley,M.S.,Hogan,C.E.(2016).Auditing and Assurance Services.UK.Pearson Loftus,J.A.,Leo,K.J., Clark,K.Wise,V.(2012).Understanding Australian Accounting Standards.Melbourne.John Wiley Sons Hoggett,J.,Edwards,L.,Medlin,J.,Chalmers,KMaxfield,J.(2014).Accounting.Melbourne.John Wiley and Sons,9th revised edition Beasley,M.S.,Bucklers,F.A.,Glover,S.M.Pramitt,D.F. (2014).Auditing Cases:An interactive learning approach. UK.Pearson Publishers Hayes,R.,Wallage,P.Gortemaker,H.(2014).Auditing of Financial Statements-Principals of Auditing.UK.Pearson Publishers Bragg,S.M.(2014).Financial Analysis:A Business Decision Guide.Accounting Tools,2nd edition. Collings,S.M.,Loughram,M.(2013).Financial Accounting for Dummies.Melbourne. John Wiley Sons Ittelson,T.R.,(2011).Financial Statements:A step by step guide in understanding and creating Financial Reports.USA.Career pr Inc.

Predicting Resilience and Cyberbully Victimization

Question: Discuss about the Predicting Resilience and Cyberbully Victimization. Answer: Introduction With the emergence of globalization, there has been the increase in the consumption parameter. This parameter in later condition had affected the physical, emotional, mental as well as spiritual well-being of the individuals. In that context, it is necessary to keep the record over the consumption of all the resources and to evaluate the effect of the consumption upon the consumer behaviour in relation to the cultural influences. Thus the paper is supposed to concentrate on a basic problem running in the society by the result of consumption. This problem is the cyber bullying. It is quite well known that the consumption is of two types, overconsumption and under consumption (Bayraktar, et al., 2015). Under consumption is indicates the condition of recession and stagnation that leads to low consumer demand. At the same time, Cohen, Prayag Moital said that, the overconsumption is the process in which the consumer demand crosses every level without any limitation. So the concept of cyber bullying comes under the portion of overconsumption where there is the high demand of the consumer regarding the usage of any particular resource. Thus the primary concern of this paper that needs to be highlighted is the basic of the consumer behaviour (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). As per Cohen, Prayag Moital, consumer behaviour is the part that studies the basic needs of the individuals regarding the process how they select and use the services by satisfying their needs and behaviour with respect to the consumer as well as their society. Basically, the consumer behaviour is the blending mixture of the psychological, ethical and cultural perspective of any consumer. It is because the consideration of these facts will help in categorization of the process to understand the decision-making process of the consumer. It also further depends upon the demographics as well as the behavioural variables of the individual. But out of the entire factor that matters the most is the cultural factor that has its influence over the emergence of overconsumption (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). The consumer behaviour is, therefore, dependent upon the cultural activities. The reason behind it is it becomes the cultural factors include the unstated assumptions, values, communicating, standards of perceiving and believing. The different cultural dimensions ultimately affect the purchase behaviour of the customers. In relation to the consumer behaviour and cultural influence, there has been of a wide variety with reference to cyber bullying. And depending upon that the matter of cyber bullying becomes the matter of fact from both domestic as well as global perspective (Goodboy Martin, 2015). Ethical, Psychological and Cultural Perspective that aggravates Cyber bullying According to Grzig lafsson, cyber bullying is basically the concept that involves the use of technology to fulfil the aim of threatening, harassing, embarrassing or targeting any specific individual. While going some deep into the concept of cyber bullying it is mostly found among the young people. But in any case, the case comprises of the involvement of the adult in cyber bullying at that it can be considered as the cyber-harassment which has many legal consequences. In recent times the concept of cyber bullying has taken a steep rise resulting in a great contributor of the suicide cases done by the high profile young adolescents (Grzig lafsson, 2013). According to Horner Swarbrooke, the cyberbullying differs from the case of traditional bullying. In fact, it can be said that the cyber bullying provides ambiguity to the action carried out during bullying. This action is not possible in traditional bullying. The more significant reason here is the bullies do not confront the victim and their reaction without having any repentance (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). In other words, the cyber bullying is an opportunities activity because the consequences to the victim are done without any kind of physical interaction along with little planning. In addition, the cyber bullying has a less amount of being caught. Thus the evidence concludes that the cyber bullying is mostly done by the young students those who are having the high amount of access to their computers, phones or tablets. It clearly indicates that there are some other factors that basically affect their ethical, psychological and cultural condition (Konijn Den, 2016). The cyber bullying is quite well known to happen in the adolescents. In that context, the parents, as well as teachers, were more concerned because it will make the child to lose their ethics. In that case, the cyber bullying is of various kinds that can be done through impersonation, abusive messages along with many other processes that will affect the ethical concern of the individual. Thus while looking into the ethical concern that takes the person to aggravate the nature of bullying (Konijn Den, 2016). In that context, the consumer behaviour is always been a great interest of value to the marketers. Depending upon that, the marketers understand proper needs of the customers regarding their ideology about the products as well as environment. Again the customer behaviour is further influenced by the cultural, social, psychological and personal factors. Out of all the factors, the cultural, as well as psychological factors, influences the most. Thus while considering the consumer behaviour, there have been the major factors that influence the decision making of the consumers that are the risk aversion and innovativeness. The concept of risk aversion is the process that adds up to the nature that how the consumers must need to be certain as well as sure regarding the decision of purchasing. At the same time, the innovativeness is the fact that is one of the global measures which refers to a certain degree up to which the customers re willing to take any kind of chances to incorporate n ew ways in the businesses. In the case of cyber bullying, the part of the consumer that is affected the most is the behaviour. The behavioural perspective of the individual emphasizes the role of the external environmental factors involved in the process of learning. Thus the consumer behaviour involves certain activities, decisions or experiences that taken attempt to make any effective decision. Tradition of Ethical Thinking Those ethical Thinking are the grieving, drama, harassment and relationship violence. These four factors collectively form the base by which the individual gets influenced by bullying activities (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). Griefing: The griefing is the activity that basically provokes the person to get angry or annoying and irritating people online. In this case, the perpetrator chooses such person whom he only knows online or does not know. In this condition perpetrator generally achieves what he wants and if it is prolonged for a long time period it will lead to harassment. Mostly it can be said that it is the most frequent process of bullying carried out in public (Konijn Den, 2016). Drama: It is another kind of bullying that basically happens over the digital media. And specifically, it occurs in between the people that they know each other online or offline. In this case, the perpetrator is very well mixed with the target (Goodboy Martin, 2015). Harassment: This is mostly known and dangerous bullying activity because during harassment the bullying becomes personal as well as persistent. It is carried out in the form of threatening or abusive text messages which in mostly done in private without having any witness. Relationship Violence: This kind of bullying has recently risen due to the technological advancement that resulted in the condition where the teens make the proper use of it. As per Konijn Den, with the consideration of the relationship violence, one partner is the perpetrator and the other one is the target. And in this matter the perpetrator stalks the target by threatening, impersonating their partner on social media and sending them abusive messages (Konijn Den, 2016). Majorly this kind of cyber bullying includes the blackmail or pressurization done for physical intimacy or sex. Through this activity, the perpetrator embarrasses their partner on social media. Continuous cyber bullying in the case of relationship violence will lead to the activity of sexual assault and consensual relationship. Comparison of Utilitarianism Deontology Utilitarianism basically focus on the consequences of actions and makes right choices morally which directly or indirectly increase the the Good. Here the Good is the neutral agent on which everyone has right no matter what it is achieved by ones own agency or not. But on the other side Deontology focus on duties and rules. It defined that some choices are morally forbidden no matter how good is the consequences is. It also depends upon some moral norm and each moral agent need to obey such norms (Konijn Den, 2016). Consumer insights are gained from utilitarianism is that its overly demanding and Deontology basically instruct the consumer to do certain things and treat well to friends and family members (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). These ethical thinking helps to make better decision as it tells us what is right and what is wrong and at the same it tells about what is good for friends and family also. So it helps to improve the sustainable consumption (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). While considering psychologically the parents as well as the educators are always worried so that this should not entrap their kid anyways. In that case, the bullying in relation to the psychological condition occurs when the kid is very much deeply hurt regarding any condition that can affect his or her mental condition. Still, the increased usage of cell phone or computers enhances the revert action carried out by the students. Basically, the cyber bullying in the young students is the resultant of the school or college violence. This is one of the major reasons behind the bullying (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). It is generally seen in the behaviour in which the individual violates the rules and mission of the school and his or her verbal activity changes from to normal to critical and daring. Another factor is the aggression. The presence of this behaviour within the individual will turn the environment full of chaos. The reason behind it is the individual who is the perpetrator becomes hostile, violent, and aggressive along with the attitude that makes another hurt. Next to that is the feeling of a victim. The individual becomes the perpetrator when he or she develops the feeling of being a victim. In that case, the individual suffers a lot that provoked the development of bullying nature. Actually, this case is also the resultant of the bullying carried out generally. It also changes the in-class behaviour of the individual along with the performance. In all these aspects the school bully is one of the processes in which an individual or the perpetrator uses his or her power to frighten others for a prolonged period of time. So with this behaviour the educational institutions face the bullying in their place. Out of that 66.7 % of students are found to be teasing others, 65.3% of students are found to be disobeying the instructions, 59.7% of students are found to extortion and 62.5% of students are involved in lying (Tobias Chapanar, 2016). Apart from that the specific reasons that bring the aggravation to the cyber bullying are the 25% academic achievement, 61% appearance, 17% race, 15% sexuality, 15% of financial status, 11% religion and 20% other reasons. At the same time, it is witnessed that most of the cyber bullying are found in the social media. So the action of cyber bullying acts 39% on Facebook, 29% on Twitter, 22% on YouTube and 22% of Instagram. Depending upon the cyber bullying the behavioural and psychological aspects of the individual changes accordingly that eventually acts upon the community. Coming to the aspect of culture it is the sum up of the values, customs, learned beliefs that have the direct impact on the behavioural aspect of the individual. In that case as mentioned above the consumer behaviour majorly affected by the cultural variations. With the collaboration of the values as well as beliefs there will have a creation of mental images which in later condition brings variation in the behaviour of the individuals? As it is said from the above section that the consumer has the great relation with the culture so in this matter the high usage of technology depends upon any particular place (Tobias Chapanar, 2016). So is the usage of cell phone and computer usage that diverted the mind of the individuals. With that respect the bullies carry out the cyber bullying. The violence in schools also contains many conspicuous threats against the fellow students that outrage the aggressiveness of the individual resulting into bullying. This resulted into the becoming anti-social, feeling unwell, mood swings, falling behind in the study and being depressed. Thus the places like the USA is the place where most of the students were involved in bullying activities but on the other hand Japan though it is technologically advanced still it is not that much involved in the bullying activities (Konijn Den, 2016). It indicates clearly that not only the technological advancement is necessary but the culture the fact that drives the mind of the individual. The reaction of the parents in relation to any kind of activity also reflects the cultural attribute of that place. Like in a survey in schools in USA, it has been concluded that the 52% of students are said regarding someone saying them hurtful online, 53% of the said that they had reacted with hurtful meaning to someone, 43% have been bullied and 35% have been threatened and 58% of students have not informed their parents. In this manner, the cyber bullying sometimes leaves the individual extremely upset or afraid or totally distressed (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Cultural Theory: The culture, therefore, influences various important facts that address the deep insights regarding the consumer behaviour or how the consumer takes the decision regarding purchasing (Grzig lafsson, 2013). Thus the theories reflected in this part will help in addressing the important issues of how the consumer behaves while buying individually or in groups. The theory that reflects various effective marketing processes, as well as impact on the consumers, are the Theory of Reasoned Action, Motivation-Need Theory, Impulse Buying and EKB Model (Grzig lafsson, 2013). Reasoned Action: This theory will provide the best action posed by the consumers which must be based on their intentions. The theory depicts the customer as the rational actors who basically choose to show their act at their best interests. As per the theory, the specificity is the critical decision-making process attained by the customers (Goodboy Martin, 2015). Motivation-Need Theory: This theory engrosses the action created by the people who act to fulfil the needs of the consumer which is based upon the five-part priority system. This system includes some specific characters such as physiological, love, safety, esteem and self-actualization. This theory specifically acts through the incorporation of mashlows hierarchy theories. In that case, the customers are being motivated to make the prioritization of the purchasing processes towards the base of the hierarchy (Goodboy Martin, 2015). Impulse Buying Theory: In this theory, Hawkins Stern believes the idea of impulse behavior that gets fits alongside the decisions which customer take basing upon the rational action. The process of impulse decision is carried out by the action of external stimuli which mostly do not have any relation to the traditional decision-making. Thus the impulse decision goes on with the four categories that become an ocean of opportunities for the marketers. EKB Model: This theory describes the consumer behavior along with the decision making which is based on the expansion of the Theory of Reasoned Action. In that case, te theory goes on with a five step process which helps the customers to take exact decision what he or she wants to. The consumers, therefore, get affected by the decision making phase along with many external influences (Goodboy Martin, 2015). Grid describes about the different people in the group and about the different roles they take on. At one end there are many and varied interpersonal difference and at other end there are significant similarity between people (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Group helps to describes the bond between strong people. It helps to find the weak bonds between people and strong binds between people. Group Weak bonds between people Strong bonds between people Grid Many and varied interpersonal differences Significant similarity between people Fatalism Collectivism Individualism Egalitarianism Each factors of the grid- group helps to determine the consumer behaviour, as it analyse the bond between people and how people behave at different roles. As mentioned above cyber bullying is the activity that can produce a negative impact on the individuals mental, emotional and physical processes. In that case, it can or cannot cause any kind of harm or injuries rather it will definitely result in the stress related illness. The major thing that has to be considered is bullying is that kind of activity that satisfies the anger or aggressive feeling of any individual who has been like a perpetrator for a certain time period. And mostly in that time period there will have the resultant f depression, higher absenteeism, and reduced performance. In addition, Goodboy Martin said that cyber bullying makes the person unable to express his or her feelings as well as opinions (Goodboy Martin, 2015). For that reason, it can be said that the bullies or the perpetrator have an unsocial environment which only results in harming or targeting others as a result of anger or frustration. Thus while it is viewed in terms of sustainability it is seen that this action is not permanent and it becomes permanent then it has the only negative impact over the individual. It is immaterial whether permanent or not the sole impact of bullying is negative only that results in the deterioration of the individual involved in it. Thus the cyber bullying can be said to have a less amount of sustainability (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). Conclusion The paper brings out the major highlights in terms of activities involved in the cyber bullying. In addition, it also includes all the aspect by which the bullying activity can be raised and depending upon that the behavioural and psychological condition of the individual also changes. Thus it can be concluded that the culture laid down the foundation of which there has been the overconsumption resulting into cyber bullying. References Bayraktar, F., Machackova, H., Dedkova, L., Cerna, A. and ev?kov, A., 2015. 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